Guidelines for Choosing a Treatment Program for a Teen with ADD or ADHD

Many adolescents who have been diagnosed withspeed of learning.
Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) or Attention Deficit4) Choose a treatment program with a low youth to
Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) experience a numberstaff ratio. Children with ADD/ADHD often require
of behavioral and academic problems that can limitgreater amounts of attention from adults and tend to
their success in interpersonal relationships, school, andact out more when they don't receive it. Oppositional
individual achievement. These adolescents may lackbehavior resulting from insufficient amounts of attention
self-control, have greater difficulty making friends andcan be diminished when there is enough adult
finding acceptance, be more likely to abusesupervision to go around. Remember, however, that
substances, become involved in delinquency, orthe lower the student-to-staff ratio, the higher the cost,
experience anxiety, mood, and behavioral disorders.so this factor must be balanced with financial
Most health care and psychological professionalsconsiderations.
agree that the best way to treat ADD/ADHD is with5) Choose a treatment program that minimizes
the use of both medication and behavioral modificationdistractions. Many adolescents with ADD/ADHD have
techniques. The National Institute of Mental Healthdifficulty focusing on priorities which can result in many
(NIMH) recently conducted a study that found thatpartially completed projects and goals and few
children with ADD/ADHD who received bothaccomplishments. The fewer the distractions and the
behavioral treatment and individually tailored medicationgreater the expectation for accountability, the more
had the greatest improvement in oppositional behaviorlikely a teen is to make substantial strides in personal
academic outcomes.growth and achievement. Common distractions include
Upon diagnosis, many children and adolescents withbut are not limited to excessive access to members
this disorder are prescribed medication as a firstof the opposite sex, unnecessary activities or activities
attempt to control the symptoms. However, manythat are overwhelming, and large student populations.
youth do not respond well to medication alone and the6) Choose a treatment program that teaches skills for
symptoms of the disorder may be quite pronouncedimproving interpersonal relationships. Many adolescents
or serious even with medication. If you have reachedwith ADD/ADHD lack the skills needed for building and
the conclusion that you can no longer deal with themaintaining positive relationships. Look for a program
symptoms of your child's disorder effectively in yourthat provides opportunities for teens to improve their
own home due to excessive behavioral and academiccommunication, especially with respect to giving and
problems, you may want to consider a program thatreceiving feedback and communicating honestly.
offers a specialized academic program and behaviorAdditional social skills that should be emphasized
modification therapy. As you research treatmentinclude appropriate anger management, impulse control,
options that can mitigate the effects of ADD/ADHD,and delaying gratification. Mastering these skills will
look for schools and programs that possess theensure that youth will have greater success making
following characteristics:and maintaining healthy relationships in real life situations.
1) Choose a treatment program that offers a7) Choose a treatment program that has a systematic
significant amount of structure. Adolescents with ADDway of developing self-esteem. Teens with ADD
ADHD typically struggle to use large segments of freeADHD may have formed a negative self-image due to
time productively but tend to thrive in environmentsthe amount of negative feedback their behavior elicits
that provide limits and teach self-discipline. A structuredfrom others and their self-perceived lack of
program should include a rigorous daily schedule and acompetence in academics, interpersonal relationships,
well-defined set of rules. Adherence to a routine whileetc. Programs with a strong self-esteem component
acquiring of productive habits can greatly counteractshould foster identity development and encourage
common symptoms of the disorder.teenagers to drop self-imposed labels and limitations
2) Choose a treatment program that fosters andand put away image pretenses that some youth use
encourages individual accountability. Such a programto protect their own vulnerabilities.
will enforce consequences for inappropriate behavior8) Choose a treatment program that allows for
and affirmative reinforcement for positive behavior.increased independence and leadership as behavior
This type of a setting shows teenagers what types ofimproves. Such a program will recognize the need
behavior are acceptable and also helps them toadolescents with ADD/ADHD have for autonomy by
experience the rewards of acting in sociallygradually increasing self-monitoring and personal
appropriate ways.responsibility over time.
3) Choose a program that offers an engaging and9) Choose a treatment program that is able to
individualized education component. Many teens withregulate and monitor medications. The successful
ADD/ADHD struggle to adapt to large classrooms andprogram should be able to safely store, administer and
traditional lecture-style instruction. Academic settingsadjust medications as needed.
that make use of hands-on learning, multimediaRuss has been working with troubled teens for several
presentations, and other diversified, interestingyears. He has a Bachelor's degree and is working
instructional methods are more likely to hold students'towards his Master's degree. He has worked in
attention. Even with the right kind of instruction, teensseveral troubled teen programs and has the ability to
with ADD/ADHD may not learn at the same pace asrelate to parents as well as their children. He currently
other students. An effective academic setting willoperates a website offering help with choosing a
acknowledge the need for flexibility by maximizingtroubled teen program as a free service to parents.
accountability while allowing for differences in the